| 31 min read | Human-authored (translation by Claude Opus 4.7) From State-Issued Credentials to Citizens Proving Themselves: How Digital Identity Transforms Digital Civic Infrastructure
Using a two-layer analysis of digital identity—the legitimacy of credential issuance and the architecture of exchange—and adding the concept of "civic proof," this essay relocates the role of digital identity in civic action, with international comparisons, the Taiwan case, age-verification stress tests, and a policy agenda.
civic-proof digital-identity digital-civic-infrastructure DPI Taiwan privacy Allen-Lab Ash-Center MOICA TW-DIW wallet selective-disclosure age-verification zkp